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Voici un texte provenant d'un professeur américain qui essaye d'expliquer à ses élèves le système des impôts ...
" Les impôts semblent s'expliquer par une logique simple. Mais beaucoup ne la saisissent pas toujours. Comme c'est la saison des taxes, laissez-moi vous expliquer en des termes que tout le monde peut comprendre :
- Supposons que tous les jours 10 hommes se retrouvent pour boire une bière et que l'addition se monte à 100 dollars. Normalement chacun paie 10 dollars.
- S'ils payaient la note de la même façon que l'on paie les impôts, cela donnerait à peu près ceci :
.....* Les 4 premiers ( les plus pauvres ! ), ne paieraient rien.
.....* Le cinquième paierait 1 dollar.
.....* Le sixième paierait 3 dollars
.....* Le septième paierait 7 dollars
.....* Le huitième paierait 12 dollars
.....* Le neuvième paierait 18 dollars
.....* Le dernier ( le plus riche ! ) devrait payer 59 dollars.
Ils décidèrent de procéder comme décrit ci-dessus.
Les dix hommes se retrouvèrent chaque jour pour boire leur bière et semblèrent assez contents de leur arrangement.
- Jusqu'au jour où le tenancier les plaça devant un dilemme :
" Comme vous êtes de bons clients, dit-il, j'ai décidé de vous faire une remise de 20 dollars. Vous ne paierez donc vos 10 bières que 80 dollars "
Le groupe décida de continuer à payer la nouvelle somme de la même façon qu'ils auraient payé leurs taxes :
.....* Les quatre premiers continuèrent à boire gratuitement.
.....* Mais comment les six autres ( les clients payants ), allaient-ils diviser les 20 dollars de remise, de façon équitable ? Ils réalisèrent que 20 dollars divisés par 6 faisaient 3,33 dollars. Mais s'ils soustrayaient cette somme de leur partage, alors le 5 ème et 6 ème homme devraient être payés pour boire leur bière.
- Le tenancier du bar suggéra qu'il serait équitable d'appliquer un pourcentage de réduction plus important pour les plus " pauvres " et de réduire l'addition comme suit:
Alors ?
.....* Le 5° homme, comme les quatre premiers ne paya plus rien. (Un pauvre de plus ? )
.....* Le 6° paya 2 dollars au lieu de 3 ( 33% de réduction )
.....* Le 7° paya 5 dollars au lieu de 7 ( 28% de réduction )
.....* Le 8° paya 9 dollars au lieu de 12 ( 25% de réduction )
.....* Le 9° paya 14 dollars au lieu de 18 ( 22% de réduction )
.....* Le 10° paya 49 dollars au lieu de 59 (16% de réduction)
Chacun des six " payants " paya moins qu'avant, et les 4 premiers continuèrent à boire gratuitement.
- Mais une fois hors du bar, chacun compara son économie :
.....* " J'ai seulement eu 1 dollar sur les 20 dollars de remise "dit le 6°.Il désigna le 10°: " Lui il a eu 10 dollars ".
.....* " Ouais ! " dit le 5è. " J'ai seulement eu 1 dollar d'économie aussi "
.....* " C'est vrai ! " s'exclama le 7è. " Pourquoi aurait-il 10 dollars alors que je n'en ai eu que 2 ? Le plus riche a eu le plus gros de la réduction "
.....* " Attendez une minute " cria le 1° homme, à l'unisson. " Nous quatre n'avons rien eu du tout, nous. Le système exploite les pauvres "
Les 9 hommes cernèrent le 10° et l'insultèrent.
- La nuit suivante le 10° homme ( le plus riche ! ) ne vint pas.
Les neuf autres s'assirent et burent leur bière sans lui. Mais quand vint le moment de payer leur note ils découvrirent quelque chose d'important : Ils n'avaient pas assez d'argent pour payer ne serait-ce que la moitié de l'addition.
Et cela, garçons et filles, journalistes et collègues professeurs est le reflet de notre système d'imposition. Les gens qui payent le plus de taxes tirent le plus de bénéfice d'une réduction de taxe.
MAIS, taxez les plus fort, accusez-les d'être riches et ils risquent de ne plus se montrer désormais. En fait ils pourraient commencer à aller boire à l'étranger où l'atmosphère est, comment dire, plus amicale.
Pour ceux qui ont compris, aucune explication n'est nécessaire.
Pour ceux qui n'ont pas compris, aucune explication n'est possible.
Signé ( pas prouvé )
David R. Kamerschen, Ph.D.
Professeur d'économie
Universiy of Georgia, USA
************
- THE TAXES - FOR DUMMIES
Here a text coming from an American professor who tries to explain to his pupils the system of the taxes …
" The taxes seem to be explained by a simple logic. But much still do not understand it. Let's put tax cuts in terms everyone can understand :
- Suppose that every day, ten men go out for dinner. The bill for all ten comes to $100. Normally, each one pays $10
- If they paid their bill the way we pay our taxes, it would go something like this :
.....* The first four men ( the poorest ! ) would pay nothing.
.....* The fifth would pay $1.
.....* The sixth would pay $3.
.....* The seventh $7.
.....* The eighth $12.
.....* The ninth $18.
.....* The tenth man ( the richest ! ) would pay $59.
So, that's what they decided to do. The ten men ate dinner in the restaurant every day and seemed quite happy with the arrangement.
.....* The first four men ( the poorest ! ) would pay nothing.
.....* The fifth would pay $1.
.....* The sixth would pay $3.
.....* The seventh $7.
.....* The eighth $12.
.....* The ninth $18.
.....* The tenth man ( the richest ! ) would pay $59.
So, that's what they decided to do. The ten men ate dinner in the restaurant every day and seemed quite happy with the arrangement.
- Until one day, the owner threw them a curve :
" Since you are all such good customers " he said " I'm going to reduce the cost of your daily meal by $20 ". So, now dinner for the ten only cost $80.
" Since you are all such good customers " he said " I'm going to reduce the cost of your daily meal by $20 ". So, now dinner for the ten only cost $80.
The group still wanted to pay their bill the way we pay our taxes :
.....* So, the first four men were unaffected. They would still eat for free.
.....* But what about the other six, the paying customers ? How could they divvy up the $20 windfall so that everyone would get his "fair share" ? The six men realized that $20 divided by six is $3.33. But if they subtracted that from everybody's share, then the fifth man and the sixth man would each end up being " PAID " to eat their meal.
- So, the restaurant owner suggested that it would be fair to reduce each man's bill by roughly the same amount, and he proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay.
And so :
.....* The fifth man, like the first four, now paid nothing ( 100% savings ).
.....* The sixth now paid $2 instead of $3 ( 33% savings ).
.....* The seventh now paid $5 instead of $7 ( 28% savings ).
.....* The eighth now paid $9 instead of $12 ( 25% savings ).
.....* The ninth now paid $14 instead of $18 ( 22% savings ).
.....* The tenth now paid $49 instead of $59 ( 16% savings ).
Each of the six was better off than before. And the first four continued to eat for free. But once outside the restaurant, the men began to compare their savings.
.....* " I only got a dollar out of the $20 " declared the sixth man. He pointed to the tenth man. " But he got $10 ! "
.....* " Yeah, that's right " exclaimed the fifth man. " I only saved a dollar, too. It's unfair that he got ten times more than me ! "
.....* " That's true !! " shouted the seventh man. " Why should he get $10 back when I got only $2 ? The wealthy get all the breaks ! "
.....* " Wait a minute " yelled the first four men in unison. " We didn't get anything at all. The system exploits the poor ! "
The nine men surrounded the tenth and beat him up.
- The next night the tenth man didn't show up for dinner, so the nine sat down and ate without him. But when it came time to pay the bill, they discovered something important. They didn't have enough money between all of them for even half of the bill !
And that, boys and girls, journalists and college professors, is how our tax system works. The people who pay the highest taxes get the most benefit from a tax reduction.
.....* So, the first four men were unaffected. They would still eat for free.
.....* But what about the other six, the paying customers ? How could they divvy up the $20 windfall so that everyone would get his "fair share" ? The six men realized that $20 divided by six is $3.33. But if they subtracted that from everybody's share, then the fifth man and the sixth man would each end up being " PAID " to eat their meal.
- So, the restaurant owner suggested that it would be fair to reduce each man's bill by roughly the same amount, and he proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay.
And so :
.....* The fifth man, like the first four, now paid nothing ( 100% savings ).
.....* The sixth now paid $2 instead of $3 ( 33% savings ).
.....* The seventh now paid $5 instead of $7 ( 28% savings ).
.....* The eighth now paid $9 instead of $12 ( 25% savings ).
.....* The ninth now paid $14 instead of $18 ( 22% savings ).
.....* The tenth now paid $49 instead of $59 ( 16% savings ).
Each of the six was better off than before. And the first four continued to eat for free. But once outside the restaurant, the men began to compare their savings.
.....* " I only got a dollar out of the $20 " declared the sixth man. He pointed to the tenth man. " But he got $10 ! "
.....* " Yeah, that's right " exclaimed the fifth man. " I only saved a dollar, too. It's unfair that he got ten times more than me ! "
.....* " That's true !! " shouted the seventh man. " Why should he get $10 back when I got only $2 ? The wealthy get all the breaks ! "
.....* " Wait a minute " yelled the first four men in unison. " We didn't get anything at all. The system exploits the poor ! "
The nine men surrounded the tenth and beat him up.
- The next night the tenth man didn't show up for dinner, so the nine sat down and ate without him. But when it came time to pay the bill, they discovered something important. They didn't have enough money between all of them for even half of the bill !
And that, boys and girls, journalists and college professors, is how our tax system works. The people who pay the highest taxes get the most benefit from a tax reduction.
BUT, tax them too much, attack them for being wealthy, and they just may not show up at the table anymore. There are lots of good restaurants in Europe and the Caribbean.
For those who understood, no explanation is necessary.
For those who did not understand, no explanation is possible.
David R. Kamerschen, Ph.D. ( not proven )
Distinguished Professor of Economics
536 Brooks Hall
University of Georgia
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